Assessment of Ground Water Nitrate Pollution in Rural Area of Amravati

Abstract

There are various physical, chemical and biological properties of water such as pH, turbidity, temperature, hardness, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, microorganisms’ contamination, and other chemical contaminants of heavy metals. Among this Nitrate and Nitrite is one of the contaminants in surface water as well as ground water. The widespread increases in nitrate concentrations in groundwater have been caused by an increase in the input of nitrogen into environment as a result of human activities. Surface waters are predominantly polluted by nitrate from surface run-off, sub-surface flow or groundwater exchange. Intensive agricultural production, domestic and industrial wastes, sewage and atmospheric nitrogen pollution are considered to be the main sources of nitrate contamination in water. Nitrate contamination of potable water sources is becoming one of the most important water quality concerns in our country. The maximum contaminant level for Nitrate is 45 mg/L as nitrate; it has becoming a special area of concern if concerned in drinking water supplies in excess of 45 ppm. The major health concern of nitrate exposure through drinking water is the risk of methemoglobinemia, or “blue baby syndrome,” especially in infants and pregnant women and few other diseases. More than 60 percent of the population of our country uses ground water for their drinking and cooking needs. To understand the situation in Amravati district this study is conducted. It is observed that out of 13 Taluka in 7 Taluka are having Nitrate above permissible limit. In 54 % of Taluka Nitrate Pollution occurs in more than 40% sample. Out of 13 Taluka, 2 Taluka are having Nitrite above permissible limit. In 15% of Taluka are having Nitrite Pollution in more than 20% samples. Out of 100 samples, in 61 samples Nitrate is found below permissible limit 39 samples are above permissible limit. These 39 samples contain Nitrate So that it is dangerous for the public health in Raipur, Bhatkuli, Benoda, Rajura, Mandwa ,Nandgaon khandeshwar, Januna, Jawara, Jasapur, Mahulichor, Dhanora gurav, Sawanga gurav, Yenas, Dhamanagaon railway, Virul(Ronghe), Dhamangaon railway taluka, Daryapur, Kotegaon, Kokarda, Shendgaon, Pimpalgwhan, kapustalni Achalpur, Paratwada, Chandur bazaar, Shirala, Shirajgaon and Talawel from Chandur bazaar, Hiwarkhed, Chanduri, Akoli, Amravati, Badnera and Anjangaon bari. Similarly 100 samples is tested for Nitrite out of which 96 samples are below permissible limit where as 4 samples is above the permissible limit. So that most of the Taluka are safe from ill effect of Nitrate Pollution in Ground Water. The result of this investigation shows that there is nitrate pollution in some part of rural areas of Amravati district and hence require inclusive actions to prevent ill effects of nitrate pollution through ground water consumption by rural peoples.